Yes. And after accepting this, all answers to the remaining questions fall into place (re IDEs and CLI).
Capacitor cli commands are limited in complxity and amount. You are not alone using CLI. Don’t feel backward about it!
No, u dont need a framework to deploy htlm/css/js in a Capacitor container. You do want to assure all stuff u would normally reference to remotely (like jQuery link yo CDN) are made local-so put next to your own js stuff - so that stuff works while offline. Then u assure all assets are bundled in one folder which u copy using npx cap copy. Then use the greatness of xcode/android studio IDE to make the app “exe”: ipa or apk
I like CLIs and maybe to cater your need there is some sort of vscode plugin to help? But then again vscode (and other great tools) cater for nice cli integration to cater for productivity
Web dev, also because of frameworks but also git, is indeed a CLI world. And lucky for u: you click yourself crazy finding info on CLI stuff on the web 
> exit