We are developing an Angular 18 application with Capacitor, for both iOS and Android. After updating the application based on the “Upgrade guide from v6 to v7” we are now experiencing a build error (below) when Android Studio rebuilds the project, i.e. before running the emulator:
> Task :capacitor-cordova-android-plugins:checkDebugAndroidTestDuplicateClasses FAILED
Execution failed for task ':capacitor-cordova-android-plugins:checkDebugAndroidTestDuplicateClasses'.
> A failure occurred while executing com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.CheckDuplicatesRunnable
> Duplicate class kotlin.collections.jdk8.CollectionsJDK8Kt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk7.JDK7PlatformImplementations found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk7.JDK7PlatformImplementations$ReflectSdkVersion found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk8.JDK8PlatformImplementations found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk8.JDK8PlatformImplementations$ReflectSdkVersion found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.ExperimentalPathApi found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathRelativizer found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt__PathReadWriteKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt__PathUtilsKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.jdk7.AutoCloseableKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.jvm.jdk8.JvmRepeatableKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.random.jdk8.PlatformThreadLocalRandom found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$1 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$2 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$3 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$4 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.text.jdk8.RegexExtensionsJDK8Kt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.time.jdk8.DurationConversionsJDK8Kt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
I have tried many different fixes in the gradle.build files, including ensuring the kotlin_version is set correctly (as per upgrade docs), specifying the kotlin-stdlib version, including exclusions for other groups / modules, etc. I have also invalidated the cache and restarted Android Studio, deleted my Gradle caches, obviously cleaned the project before the rebuild, etc, but nothing seems to work; and, looking at the gradle dependencies (below), everything seems to be using the correctly specified version for kotlin-stdlib .
./gradlew app:dependencies --configuration debugRuntimeClasspath | grep kotlin
+--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.9.25
| +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.8.0 -> 1.9.25 (c)
| +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.8.0 -> 1.9.25 (c)
| \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-common:1.9.25 (c)
+--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.9.25
| +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.9.25 (*)
| \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.9.25
| \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.9.25 (*)
+--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.9.25 (*)
+--- org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.7.3
| \--- org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm:1.7.3
| +--- org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-bom:1.7.3
| | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm:1.7.3 (c)
| | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.7.3 (c)
| | \--- org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.7.3 (c)
| +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-common:1.8.20 -> 1.9.25
| \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.8.20 -> 1.9.25 (*)
+--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-bom:1.9.25
| +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.9.25 (c)
| +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.9.25 (c)
| +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.9.25 (c)
| \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-common:1.9.25 (c)
| | | \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.7.10 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | | \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.7.10 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.6.4 -> 1.7.3
| | | | | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.7.3 (*)
| | | | | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-bom:1.7.3 (*)
| | | | | | \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.8.20 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | | \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.6.4 -> 1.7.3 (*)
| | \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | | | +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| | \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| \--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.6.21 -> 1.9.25 (*)
| +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-bom:1.9.25 (*)
In terms of the Angular/Capacitor project we are using the following:
npm -v: 10.8.2
node -v: v22.3.0
./gradlew -version
------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 8.11.1
------------------------------------------------------------
Kotlin: 2.0.20
Groovy: 3.0.22
Ant: Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.14 compiled on August 16 2023
Launcher JVM: 21.0.3 (Oracle Corporation 21.0.3+7-LTS-152)
Daemon JVM: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-21.0.3.jdk/Contents/Home (no JDK specified, using current Java home)
OS: Mac OS X 15.3.1 aarch64
------------------------------------------------------------
💊 Capacitor Doctor 💊
Latest Dependencies:
@capacitor/cli: 7.0.1
@capacitor/core: 7.0.1
@capacitor/android: 7.0.1
@capacitor/ios: 7.0.1
Installed Dependencies:
@capacitor/cli: 7.0.1
@capacitor/core: 7.0.1
@capacitor/android: 7.0.1
@capacitor/ios: 7.0.1
[success] iOS looking great! 👌
[success] Android looking great! 👌
As mentioned above, there were no problems with Capacitor v6 the project built and the emulator worked with live reload applying changes made in IntelliJ to the Angular project, but cannot seem to get past this build error for v7, so any help is very greatly appreciated.
Many thanks in advance.
