I faced recently a very hard issue, spent few days but no success. Getting current position in Android 6.0 is not working. I have tried navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success, error, options) and $cordovaGeolocation.getCurrentPosition(options).then(success, error) but no options working. It is working in Android 4.x version.
Getting the exact same issue here. Two days of troubleshooting, no success. Getting the error “application does not have sufficient geolocation permissions”, even though I’ve included: