Capacitor sounds like a good solution for PWA camera.
About the PWA elements, I don’t know what’s the actual status. It used to be needed but if I remember correctly it was plan that it would not be needed anymore for version 1. You could give a quick try with a dummy project and you will have your answer
Cordova as far as I know don’t offer a PWA support for camera and file upload
HTML input works surprisedly well I think but the down side is that it need then some custom code from your side. I add to develop that in my app as I rely on Cordova for the store and wanted to deploy it on the web too.
After spending some time on Capacitor PWA Camera, there just still too many bugs some ranging from Nov 18 and yet to be fixed. Unfortunately my opinion/experience has led me say to stay away from Capacitor Camera as it is unstable well at least for use in PWA.
The best solution is what reedrichards suggested, also a good link with working demo is below.
Glad you got it working with camera-no-plugins. I did not. I too tried that no-plugins -link but I could not get any camera picture in Chrome. Only button with a choose file -prompt.