This sounds like Android’s Edge-to-Edge introduced in SDK 35.
Discussion on this is over here - Edge to edge Android.
Capawesome created a plugin for a temporary fix - Capacitor Android Edge-to-Edge Support Plugin - Capawesome. There has been some fixes in Capacitor 7.1 and 7.2 but people are still finding edge cases not handled looking at open issues.
There is also this open issue in the Ionic Framework repo - feat: Support new edge-to-edge enforcement introduced in Android 15 (API 35) · Issue #30090 · ionic-team/ionic-framework · GitHub