I have a similar problem to this but only on Android 9.0.
It’s working fine in ionic cordova run android --device. but not on ionic cordova build android --prod --release. And the server already running under SSL. https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=apps.uib.ac.id
Thank you for joining the forum and thank you for your contribution.
However, I really strongly think it is well past time for all of us to do our part in making the Internet more secure for everybody that uses our apps, and that means no more unsecured HTTP.
Get proper SSL certificates for all your backend servers. LetsEncrypt provides them for free, with very good surrounding tooling for updating them regularly.
Then there is absolutely no need to continue promoting a workaround for something that should be disabled.
Shure! Just for local working you can add the solutions that i proposed. But for productions and quality work is necesary SSL certificate.
Thanks for answer me.